Origins and Ancient Lineage
The Cane Corso, pronounced KAH-neh-KOR-soh, is an Italian mastiff breed that traces its lineage back to the ancient Roman war dogs, known as canis pugnaces. These formidable canines are believed to have descended from the original Molossers, large dogs originating from the ancient Greek region of Epirus, now part of modern-day Albania.
Roman legions utilized these dogs in warfare, bringing them back to Italy after campaigns in Macedonia. Through selective breeding, they developed two distinct types: the lighter Cane Corso and the heavier Neapolitan Mastiff. Renowned for their bravery, some of these dogs served as piriferi, charging enemy lines with flaming oil strapped to their backs.
Transition to Agrarian Roles
Following the fall of Rome in 476 A.D., these war dogs adapted to peacetime roles. The Cane Corso became invaluable in rural settings, serving as guards, hunters, and versatile farmhands. Their duties ranged from protecting property and livestock to hunting wild boar and herding cattle. They were also known to assist in animal husbandry tasks, such as distracting protective sows during piglet collection.
Decline and Near Extinction
Over the centuries, the Cane Corso became an integral part of Italian rural life, especially in regions like Puglia, Campania, and Basilicata. However, changes in agricultural practices during the 19th and early 20th centuries, coupled with the devastation of two world wars, led to a sharp decline in their population. By the mid-20th century, the breed was on the brink of extinction.
Revival Efforts
In the 1970s, a dedicated group of enthusiasts embarked on a mission to revive the Cane Corso. Figures such as Giovanni Bonnetti, Dr. Paolo Breber, and Stefano Gandolfi played pivotal roles in this resurgence. Their efforts culminated in the formation of the Società Amatori Cane Corso (Society of Cane Corso Lovers) in 1983. The breed gained recognition from the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana (ENCI) in 1994 and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 2007. The European Bully Kennel Club (EBKC) added the Cane Corso breed to its list of recognized breeds in 2008.
The Cane Corso’s rich history, from ancient warrior to modern guardian, showcases its adaptability and enduring appeal. With responsible ownership and proper training, this noble breed continues to thrive in various roles worldwide.
